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產(chǎn)品訂購(gòu)信息：
英文名稱(chēng)  Anti-phospho-Tau protein(Ser416) 

中文名稱(chēng)   磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白抗體說(shuō)明書(shū) 

別    名  MAPT(phospho S416); MAPT; Microtuble-associted protein Tau; AI413597; AW045860; DDPAC; Disinhibition dementia parkinsonism amyotrophy complex; FLJ31424; FTDP 17; FTDP17; G Protein beta 1 gamma 2 subunit interacting factor 1; G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit interacting factor 1; MAPTL; MGC134287; MGC138549; MGC156663; Microtubule associated protein tau isoform 4; MSTD; Mtapt; MTBT1; MTBT2; Neurofibrillary tangle protein; Paired helical filament tau; PHF tau; PHF-tau; PPND; pTau; RNPTAU; Tauopathy and respiratory failure, included; TAU_HUMAN.

濃    度   1mg/1ml

規(guī) 格  0.1ml/100μg

抗體來(lái)源   Rabbit

克隆類(lèi)型   polyclonal

交叉反應(yīng)   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Cow, Horse 

產(chǎn)品類(lèi)型   一抗 磷酸化抗體  

研究領(lǐng)域    免疫學(xué) 神經(jīng)生物學(xué) 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) 轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 83kDa

性    狀   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human MAPT isoform 2 around the phosphorylation site of Ser416 [TG(p-S)ID] 

亞    型   IgG

純化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

儲(chǔ) 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白抗體說(shuō)明書(shū) 產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存條件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

產(chǎn)品介紹 Tau proteins are important Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. Tau proteins subcellular located in the axons of neurons, in the cytoso l and in association with plasma membrane components. It expressed in neurons. PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system.

Function : Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization.

Subunit : Interacts with PSMC2 through SQSTM1. Interacts with SQSTM1 when polyubiquitinated. Interacts with FKBP4. Binds to CSNK1D. Interacts with SGK1.

Subcellular Location : Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, axon. Note=Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components.

Tissue Specificity : Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system.

Post-translational modifications : Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK1: CDK1, CDK5, GSK3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in the form associated with paired helical filaments (PHF-tau)), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1 or MARK2), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau/MAP's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce tAU/MAP's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components. Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-548 by GSK3B reduces ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-579 by BRSK1 and BRSK2 in neurons affects ability to bind microtubules and plays a role in neuron polarization. Phosphorylated at Ser-554, Ser-579, Ser-602, Ser-606 and Ser-669 by PHK. Phosphorylation at Ser-214 by SGK1 mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. There is a reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces glycosylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Phosphorylation on Ser-721 is reduced by about 41.5% by GlcNAcylation on Ser-717.

Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome. PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur.

O-glycosylated. O-GlcNAcylation content is around 8.2%. There is reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces O-GlcNAcylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. O-GlcNAcylation on Ser-717 decreases the phosphorylation on Ser-721 by about 41.5%.

Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain TAU/MAPT. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD.

DISEASE : Note=In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of TAU (PHF-TAU or AD P-TAU). O-GlcNAcylation is greatly reduced in Alzheimer disease brain cerebral cortex leading to an increase in TAU/MAPT phosphorylations.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:600274]; also called frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) or historically termed Pick complex. This form of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by presenile dementia with behavioral changes, deterioration of cognitive capacities and loss of memory. In some cases, parkinsonian symptoms are prominent. Neuropathological changes include frontotemporal atrophy often associated with atrophy of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, amygdala. In most cases, protein tau deposits are found in glial cells and/or neurons.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of Pick disease of the brain (PIDB) [MIM:172700]. It is a rare form of dementia pathologically defined by severe atrophy, neuronal loss and gliosis. It is characterized by the occurrence of tau-positive inclusions, swollen neurons (Pick cells) and argentophilic neuronal inclusions known as Pick bodies that disproportionally affect the frontal and temporal cortical regions. Clinical features include aphasia, apraxia, confusion, anomia, memory loss and personality deterioration.

Note=Defects in MAPT are a cause of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It is marked by extrapyramidal signs and apraxia and can be associated with memory loss. Neuropathologic features may overlap Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson disease.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of progressive supranuclear palsy type 1 (PSNP1) [MIM:601104]; also abbreviated as PSP and also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. PSNP1 is characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pseudobulbar signs and cognitive capacities deterioration. Neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis but no amyloid plaques are found in diseased brains. Most cases appear to be sporadic, with a significant association with a common haplotype including the MAPT gene and the flanking regions. Familial cases show an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission with incomplete penetrance; genetic analysis of a few cases showed the occurrence of tau mutations, including a deletion of Asn-613.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of Parkinson-dementia syndrome (PARDE) [MIM:260540]. A syndrome characterized by parkinsonism tremor, rigidity, dementia, ophthalmoparesis and pyramidal signs. Neurofibrillary degeneration occurs in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei.

Similarity : Contains 4 Tau/MAP repeats.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P10636.5

P-tau蛋白是腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞支架蛋白之一。其正常功能是促進(jìn)微管蛋白組成微管，并維持已形成微管的穩(wěn)定性。參與維持細(xì)胞形態(tài)、信息傳遞、細(xì)胞分裂等重要生物學(xué)過(guò)程，是軸突和神經(jīng)元極性形成的不可缺少因素。近年來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)tau蛋白與一些中樞變性疾病密切相關(guān),尤其是神經(jīng)Tau具有啟動(dòng)微管系統(tǒng)的裝配以及穩(wěn)定微管系統(tǒng)的作用，該蛋白的錯(cuò)誤折疊與等神經(jīng)退行性疾病密切相關(guān)。

FGF-6 human 人成纖維生長(zhǎng)因子-6Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 45T

Anti-CANX 鈣連蛋白抗體Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh Nox4/NADH NADPH氧化酶4抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

Human T-box protein 3 ELISA Kit(human) 人轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Tbx3 ELISA試劑盒 96T

TSLC1 英文名稱(chēng)： 細(xì)胞粘附分子1抗體 0.1ml

C6ORF199 英文名稱(chēng)： 6號(hào)染色體開(kāi)放閱讀框199抗體 0.2ml

Anti-CANX 鈣連蛋白抗體Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

bFGF-9 ELISA Kit 大鼠堿性成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子9Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 48T

Anti-ApoH/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記載脂蛋白H抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh FAM50B FAM50B蛋白抗體 規(guī)格 0.2ml

IL-17(Human Interleukin 17) ELISA Kit 人白介素17 96T

MRPS22 英文名稱(chēng)： 線粒體核糖體蛋白S22抗體 0.1ml

Aspartate Aminotransferase 英文名稱(chēng)： 谷草轉(zhuǎn)酶抗體 0.2ml

Anti-ApoH/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記載脂蛋白H抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Anti-Thymosin Alpha-1/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記胸腺肽 α-1抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

ATF3 (Activating Transcription Factor3) 活化轉(zhuǎn)錄因子3抗原Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

Spindlin 1/SPIN-2 形成相關(guān)基因抗體 Anti-Spindlin 1/SPIN-2 0.2ml

SCN1B 英文名稱(chēng)： 離子通道β1抗體 0.1ml

ER-Alpha 英文名稱(chēng)： 雌激素受體α抗體(用于western blot) 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-MAP4(Ser941) 磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白4抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

ATF3 (Activating Transcription Factor3) 活化轉(zhuǎn)錄因子3抗原Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

大鼠免疫球蛋白E(IgE)ELISA試劑盒 ，英文名： IgE ELISA Kit

人內(nèi)皮抑素(ES)ELISA檢測(cè)試劑盒HumanEndostatin,ESELISAKit 96T/48T

鴨生長(zhǎng)激素1(GH1)免疫試劑盒 Duck growth hormone growth hormone 1,GH1 ELISA kit

CLIAKitforPACAP(Humanpituitaryadenylatecyclaseactivatingpolypeptide)ELISAKit人垂體腺苷酸環(huán)化酶激活肽規(guī)格：48T/96T

水中腸球菌(Eerococci)基因熒光定量檢測(cè)試劑盒20次

ELISAKitLCA/CD45人白細(xì)胞共同抗原規(guī)格：48T/96T

大鼠不對(duì)稱(chēng)二甲基精酸(ADMA)ELISA試劑盒 ，英文名： ADMA ELISA Kit

Mouse p53 (p53) ELISA Kit 小鼠p53(p53)ELISA試劑盒

ELISA 小鼠多巴胺(mouse Dopamine) 48T/96T 進(jìn)口分裝

CLIAKitforLBP(Humanlipolysaccharidebindingprotein)ELISAKit人脂多糖結(jié)合蛋白規(guī)格：48T/96T

通用型vero毒素大腸桿菌志賀氏毒素-2(VTEC-Shigatoxin2)試劑盒20次

ELISAKitLv/Vn紅螯光殼螯蝦卵黃脂磷蛋白規(guī)格：48T/96T

磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白抗體說(shuō)明書(shū) 大鼠低氧誘導(dǎo)因子1α(HIF-1α)ELISA 試劑盒 96T/48T 試劑盒 組裝/原裝

人內(nèi)皮型合成酶(eNOS)免疫試劑盒 Human Endothelial niic oxide syhase,eNOS ELISA Kit

MousesubstancePreceptor,SP-RELISAKit小鼠P物質(zhì)受體(SP-R)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

冰凍切片組織線粒體復(fù)合物I蛋白表達(dá)NBT顯色光學(xué)顯微鏡檢測(cè)試劑盒10/20次

HumanplateletmembraneglycoproteinⅣ,GP-ⅣELISA試劑盒人血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅳ(GP-Ⅳ)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

HumanSomelysin-1,ST1ELISAKit人基質(zhì)裂解素(ST1)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

抗體的生物素化標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)要點(diǎn)：

1. 磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白抗體說(shuō)明書(shū) 如在反應(yīng)混合液中有疊氮鈉或游離氨基存在,會(huì)抑制標(biāo)記反應(yīng)。因此,蛋白質(zhì)在反應(yīng)前要對(duì) 0.1mol/L碳酸氫鈉緩沖液或0.5mol/L硼酸緩沖液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白質(zhì)之間的分子比按蛋白質(zhì)表面的ε-氨基的密度會(huì)有所不同,選擇不當(dāng)則影響標(biāo)記的效率,應(yīng)先用幾個(gè)不同的分子比來(lái)篩選最適條件；

3.用NHSB量過(guò)量也是不利的,抗原的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)可能因此被封閉,導(dǎo)致抗體失活；

4.由于抗體的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此時(shí)可加入去污劑如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.當(dāng)游離ε-氨基(賴(lài)氨酸殘基的氨基)存在于抗體的抗原結(jié)合位點(diǎn)時(shí),或位于酶的催化位點(diǎn)時(shí),生物素化會(huì)降低或損傷抗體蛋白的結(jié)合力或活性；

6.生物素還可能與不同的功能基團(tuán),如羰基、氨基、巰基、異咪唑基及苯酚基,也可與糖基共價(jià)結(jié)合；

7.交聯(lián)反應(yīng)后,應(yīng)充分透析,否則,殘余的生物素會(huì)對(duì)生物素化抗體與親和素的結(jié)合產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用；

8.在細(xì)胞的熒光標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)中,中和親和素的本底低,但由于鏈霉親和素含有少量正電荷,故對(duì)某些細(xì)胞可導(dǎo)致高本底。

抗體的鑒定：

1）磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白抗體說(shuō)明書(shū) 抗體的效價(jià)鑒定：不管是用于診斷還是用于,制備抗體的目的都是要求較高效價(jià)。不同的抗原制備的抗體,要求的效價(jià)不一。鑒定效價(jià)的方法很多,包括有試管凝集反應(yīng),瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn),酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)等。常用的抗原所制備的抗體一般都有約成的鑒定效價(jià)的方法,以資比較。如制備抗抗體的效價(jià),一般就采用瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn)來(lái)鑒定。

2）抗體的特異性鑒定：抗體的特異性是指與相應(yīng)抗原或近似抗原物質(zhì)的識(shí)別能力?？贵w的特異性高,它的識(shí)別能力就強(qiáng)。衡量特異性通常以交叉反應(yīng)率來(lái)表示。交叉反應(yīng)率可用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制試驗(yàn)測(cè)定。以不同濃度抗原和近似抗原分別做競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制曲線,計(jì)算各自的結(jié)合率,求出各自在IC50時(shí)的濃度,并按公式計(jì)算交叉反應(yīng)率。 

如果所用抗原濃度IC50濃度為pg/管,而一些近似抗原物質(zhì)的IC50濃度幾乎是無(wú)窮大時(shí),表示這一抗血清與其他抗原物質(zhì)的交叉反應(yīng)率近似為0,即該血清的特異性較好。

3）抗體親和力：是指抗體和抗原結(jié)合的牢固程度。親和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗體分子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)與抗原決定簇之間立體構(gòu)型的合適度決定的。有助于維持抗原抗體復(fù)合物穩(wěn)定的分子間力有氫鍵,疏水鍵,側(cè)鏈相反電荷基因的庫(kù)侖力,范德華力和空間斥力。親和力常以親和常數(shù)K表示,K的單位是L/mol?？贵w親和力的測(cè)定對(duì)抗體的篩選,確定抗體的用途,驗(yàn)證抗體的均一性等均有重要意義。